personality disorders are characterized by patterns of perception, reaction and relationship that are relatively fixed, inflexible and socially maladjusted, including a variety of situations.
each have characteristic patterns of perception and relationship with others and situations (personal characteristics). In other words, all people tend to cope with stressful situations in an individual style but repetitive. For example, some people tend to always respond to a problem situation by seeking the help of others. Others always assume they can handle problems by themselves. Some people minimize the problems, others exaggerate.
Although people tend to respond equally to a difficult situation is most likely to try another way if the first response is ineffective. In contrast, people with personality disorders are so rigid they can not adapt to reality, thereby weakening its operational capability. Their maladaptive patterns of thought and behavior become evident at the beginning of adulthood, frequently before, and tend to last a lifetime. Are people likely to have problems in their social and interpersonal relationships and work.
People with personality disorders are generally not aware that their behavior or thought patterns are inappropriate, by contrast, often believe that their patterns are normal and correct. Often, family members or social workers are sent to receive psychiatric help for his inappropriate behavior is causing difficulties for others. In contrast, people with anxiety disorders cause problems to itself but not to others. When people with personality disorders seek help for themselves (often because of frustration), tend to believe that their problems are caused by others or by a particularly difficult situation.
personality disorders include the following types: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive and passive-aggressive. Dissociative identity disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder is a completely different disorder. Paranoid Personality
People with paranoid personality project their own conflicts and hostility toward others. They are usually cold and distant in their relationships. Tend to find a hostile and malevolent intentions behind the acts trivial, innocent or even positive of others and react with suspicion to changing situations. Often, the suspicions lead to aggressive behavior or rejection by others (results seem to justify their original feelings.)
Those with paranoid personality often seek legal action against others, especially if they are rightly outraged. They are unable to see their own role within a conflict. Although often work in relative isolation, can be highly efficient and conscientious.
Sometimes people who already feel alienated because of a defect or disability (including deafness) are most vulnerable to paranoid ideas. Schizoid Personality
People with schizoid personality are introverted, self-absorbed and solitary. They are cold emotionally and socially distant. They are often absorbed in their own thoughts and feelings and are fearful of the approach and intimacy with others. Speak little, are given to daydreaming and prefer theoretical speculation to practical action. Fantasy is a common way to face reality. Schizotypal personality
People with schizotypal personality, as well as those with a schizoid personality, are socially and emotionally isolated. In addition, develop thoughts, perceptions and unusual communications. Although these oddities are similar to those of people with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality but sometimes found in people with schizophrenia before develop the disease, most adults with schizotypal personality does not develop schizophrenia. Some people show signs of magical thinking (the idea that a particular action can control something that has nothing to do with it). For example, a person may believe that you will have really bad luck if you pass under a ladder or causing harm to others having thoughts of anger. People with schizotypal illness may also have paranoid ideas. Histrionic personality
People with histrionic personality (hysterical) look in a remarkable way to draw attention and behave theatrically. His manner strongly expression have resulted in establishing relationships with ease but in a superficial way. Emotions often appear exaggerated, like children and designed to elicit sympathy or attention (often erotic or sexual) of others. The person with histrionic personality is prone to sexually provocative behavior or sexualize nonsexual relationships. May not actually want sex, but rather, their seductive behavior often conceal their desire of dependence and protection. Some people with histrionic personality are also hypochondriacal and exaggerate their physical problems to get the attention they need. Narcissistic Personality
People with narcissistic personality have a sense of superiority and an exaggerated belief in their own value or importance, what psychiatrists call "greatness." The person with this personality type can be extremely sensitive to failure, defeat or criticism and, when faced with a failure to prove the high opinion of themselves, can be easily enraged or severely depressed. As they think they are superior in relationships with others, waiting to be admired and often suspect that others envy. They feel they deserve to have their needs met without delay and thus exploit others, whose needs and beliefs are considered less important. Their behavior is often offensive to others, they are self-centered, arrogant or mean. Antisocial Personality
People with antisocial personality disorder (formerly called psychopathic or sociopathic personality), most of whom are male, show callous disregard for the rights and feelings of others. Exploit others for material gain or personal gratification (unlike narcissists who believe they are better than others.) Typically, these people express their conflicts impulsively and irresponsibly. Poorly tolerate frustration and, sometimes, hostile or violent. Despite the problems or damage they cause to others for their antisocial behavior, typically do not feel remorse or guilt. On the contrary, cynically rationalized his behavior or blame others. Their relationships are filled with dishonesty and deceit. Frustration and punishment rarely cause them to alter their behavior.
People with antisocial personality disorder are often prone to alcoholism, addiction, sexual deviancy, promiscuity and to be imprisoned. Are likely to fail in their jobs and move from one place to another. They often have a family history of antisocial behavior, substance abuse, divorce and physical abuse. In childhood, usually were neglected emotionally and often physically abused in their formative years. Have a lower life expectancy than average, but among those who survive, this situation tends to diminish or stabilize with age. Personality
limit
People with borderline personality, most of whom are women, are unstable in the perception of their own image, in their mood, their behavior and their relationships (which are often stormy and intensive). The borderline personality is evident at the beginning of adulthood but the prevalence decreases with age. These people are often deprived of proper care during childhood. Consequently they feel empty, angry and deserving of care.
When people with a borderline personality feel cared for, show lonely and helpless, often need help for their depression, substance abuse, changes in appetite and mistreatment in the past. However, when fear abandonment by the person who cares, his mood changes dramatically. Often show inappropriate and intense anger, accompanied by extreme changes in their vision of the world, themselves and others (changing from black to white, from love to hate or vice versa but never to the neutral position). If they feel abandoned and alone can reach wondering if they really exist (that is, they're not real). Can become desperately impulsive, engaging in promiscuity or a substance abuse. Sometimes thereby lose touch with reality who have brief episodes of psychotic thinking, paranoia and hallucinations.
These people are often seen by primary care physicians, tend to make frequent visits to the doctor repeated crises or diffuse complaints but do not comply with treatment recommendations. This disorder is also the most frequently treated by psychiatrists, because people who have it constantly seek someone to take care of them.
avoidant personality
People with avoidant personality are hypersensitive to rejection and afraid to start relationships or anything else new about the possibility of rejection or disappointment. These people have a strong desire for affection and acceptance. Openly suffer isolation and inability to relate comfortably with others. Unlike those with a borderline personality, people with avoidant personality do not respond with anger at the rejection, instead, are shy and retiring. Avoidant personality disorder is similar to social phobia. Dependent Personality
People with dependent personality transfer the important decisions and responsibilities to others and allow the needs of those on whom they depend to take precedence to their own. They have confidence in themselves and show an intense insecurity. They often complain that they can make decisions and do not know what to do or how. Are reluctant to express opinions, although they have, because they fear offending the people they need. People with other personality disorders often have dependent personality traits, but these signs are often masked by the dominance of another disorder. Some adults with prolonged illness
dependent personalities develop obsessive-compulsive personality
People with obsessive-compulsive personality son formales, fiables, ordenadas y metódicas pero a menudo no pueden adaptarse a los cambios. Son cautos y analizan todos los aspectos de un problema, lo que dificulta la toma de decisiones. Aunque estos signos están en consonancia con los estándares culturales de occidente, los individuos con una personalidad obsesivo-compulsiva toman sus responsabilidades con tanta seriedad que no toleran los errores y prestan tanta atención a los detalles que no pueden llegar a completar sus tareas. Consecuentemente, estas personas pueden entretenerse en los medios para realizar una tarea y olvidar su objetivo. Sus responsabilidades les crean ansiedad y raramente encuentran satisfacción con sus logros.
Estas personas son frecuentemente grandes personalidades, especially in the sciences and other intellectual fields, where the order and attention to detail are essential. However, they may feel detached from their feelings and uncomfortable with their relationships or other situations that do not control, with unpredictable events or when to trust others. Personality
passive-aggressive behaviors of a person with a passive-aggressive (negativistic) aim to covert control or punish others. Passive-aggressive behavior is often expressed as delay, inefficiency and bad temper. Often, individuals with passive-aggressive personality accept tasks that do not really want to do and then proceed to undermine subtly completion of those tasks. This behavior usually serves to express a hidden hostility. Diagnosis
The doctor bases the diagnosis of personality disorder in the expression by the subject of types of maladaptive behavior or thoughts. These behaviors tend to occur because the person stubbornly refuses to change despite its maladaptive consequences.
also likely that the physician is paid the improper use of the person's coping mechanism, often called defense mechanisms. Although everyone uses defense mechanisms unconsciously, people with personality disorders using them inappropriately or immature. Treatment
Although treatments differ according to the type of personality disorder, some general principles can be applied to everyone. Most people with a personality disorder do not feel the need for treatment and probably for this reason, often turn to the query accompanied by another person. Usually the patient can respond to the support that is given, but usually remains adamant about the thought patterns and behavior of their own inadequacy. Generally, support is most effective when it involved other patients or psychotherapist.
The therapist repeatedly highlights the undesirable consequences of the form of thinking and behavior of the person, sometimes set limits to this behavior and the person repeatedly faced with the reality. Useful and often essential involvement of the family of the person concerned, since peer pressure can be effective. Group therapy and family group living in specialized residential and treatment participation in social clubs or self-help groups can be useful.
These people often have anxiety and depression, which hopes to alleviate with drugs. However, anxiety and depression resulting from a personality disorder are rarely relieved by drugs in a satisfactory manner and such symptoms may indicate that the person is doing some healthy self. Moreover, drug therapy is frequently complicated by the misuse of drugs or suicide attempts. If the person has another psychiatric disorder such as major depression, phobia or panic disorder, taking medications may be appropriate, though possibly produce only limited relief. Change
personality
time consuming. No short-term treatment can successfully cure a personality disorder but certain changes can be achieved more quickly than others. The recklessness, social isolation, lack of assertiveness or outbursts temperamentales pueden responder a la terapia de modificación de la conducta. Sin embargo, la psicoterapia a largo plazo (terapia hablada), con el objetivo de ayudar a la persona a comprender las causas de su ansiedad y a reconocer su comportamiento desadaptado, es la clave de la mayoría de los tratamientos. Algunos tipos de trastornos de personalidad, como el narcisista o el obsesivo-compulsivo, pueden tratarse mejor con el psicoanálisis. Otros, como los tipos antisocial o paranoide, raramente responden a una terapia.
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