The European Union: Concept and background.
The European Union is an international organization created by states of Europe, which aims at economic and political integration of its members gradually.
The European Union emerged from the desire to ensure a peaceful and prosperous Europe after the horrors of two world wars.
But the only practical implementation was done in this period is the economic union between Belgium and Luxembourg (1923), which incorporates the leading Dutch Current Benelux.
- In 1948 he created the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- In 1949 he founded Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- And in that same year, he created the Council of Europe, which is unlike of the above, a purely European organization, which aims to establish common guidelines for political action.
appears in this situation leaves the Schuman Plan (May 1950), which raises a different integration formula, the partial transfer of sovereignty, which occurred on the common organization of certain economic activities, but without sacrificing objective an even deeper political integration.
The European Union at the time.
1951. Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community. (ECSC)
1957. The EURATOM.
1965. CECA.
1972. Denmark, Ireland and Britain join the European Communities, which from this time with 9 states.
1979. Accession of Greece.
1985. Spain and Portugal signed the accession treaty to the European Communities, becoming part of them.
in 1986. Signing of the Single European Act, communities facing the full achievement of the single market without internal borders.
1992. Birth of the European Union with the signing of the Treaty on European Union. In communities facing the full achievement of the single European market. The Union is founded on three pillars: the European Communities, which already exist, developing a common foreign and security policy and the establishment of cooperation between Member States in matters of internal justice.
Community institutions.
3.1. European Parliament.
is composed of representatives of the rubles of the States meeting in the Community, as goes the Union Treaty.
Parliament is elected by direct universal suffrage a period of 5 years.
Members of Parliament are not grouped by nationality but by political affinity. The Parliament was not a good start but has been slowly improving but not yet fully performed the functions of a democratic parliament.
3.2. Council.
Comprising a representative of each Member State at ministerial level. The foreign ministers are the most common representatives.
Council major decisions in the life of the communities. There are different criteria for the adoption of resolutions by the Board:
majority: of its component members. Majority
qualitative: when the vote is for each State. Unanimity
3.3. Commission.
The defense of genuine community interest. Members whom we call commissioners chosen according to their competence and independence.
The Commission is the executive organ of the Community to which the administering and enforcement of the previous provisions in the Treaties and agreed by the Council and European Parliament.
3.4. Court of Justice.
is the body responsible for interpreting EU law and decide on disputes that may arise in its implementation. Members are elected among magistrates and jurists of recognized competence.
The Court operates in plenary, ie the participation of all its members.
3.5. Court of Auditors.
is the body responsible for the audit of the Community. This court should assist the Parliament and the Council in monitoring the implementation of the budget. Its members carry out their work with independence and ensuring the general interest of the Community.
Community law.
4.1. Characteristics.
a) Autonomy: the right is independent of the particular systems of the Member States. This autonomy is reflected in the facts themselves and come from specific sources.
b) Supremacy: EU law prevails the state is subject.
c) Direct applicability: The Community legislation does not require a further development of state standards is applicable and take effect from its publication in the Official Journal.
The Contents of the European Union.
Single Market: enter all member countries at the origin of the Autonomous Communities. Allows free movement of goods, persons, services and capital.
5.1. Competition policy.
Union institutions will not allow:
or agreements between undertakings which restrict or distort competition.
or abusive practices by the company to maintain a dominant market position.
Dumping is the practice or business is to sell to foreign markets to domestic prices.
or differences in taxes as the origin of goods in order to encourage domestic production.
or widespread public aid to companies that are only permissible under certain conditions.
5.2. Agricultural policy.
Its objectives are to increase agricultural productivity, weigh the income of agricultural population and ensure market supply. Try
modernization of agriculture and improving of living conditions in rural areas, especially agricultural practices promote environmental flattering.
5.3. Social and regional policy. Interest
achieve economic and social cohesion between them, is the balancing of living and working conditions between different regions of coverage, eliminating the delay of the least developed.
0 comments:
Post a Comment